LeetCode #2481 — EASY

Minimum Cuts to Divide a Circle

Build confidence with an intuition-first walkthrough focused on math fundamentals.

Solve on LeetCode
The Problem

Problem Statement

A valid cut in a circle can be:

  • A cut that is represented by a straight line that touches two points on the edge of the circle and passes through its center, or
  • A cut that is represented by a straight line that touches one point on the edge of the circle and its center.

Some valid and invalid cuts are shown in the figures below.

Given the integer n, return the minimum number of cuts needed to divide a circle into n equal slices.

Example 1:

Input: n = 4
Output: 2
Explanation: 
The above figure shows how cutting the circle twice through the middle divides it into 4 equal slices.

Example 2:

Input: n = 3
Output: 3
Explanation:
At least 3 cuts are needed to divide the circle into 3 equal slices. 
It can be shown that less than 3 cuts cannot result in 3 slices of equal size and shape.
Also note that the first cut will not divide the circle into distinct parts.

Constraints:

  • 1 <= n <= 100

Roadmap

  1. Brute Force Baseline
  2. Core Insight
  3. Algorithm Walkthrough
  4. Edge Cases
  5. Full Annotated Code
  6. Interactive Study Demo
  7. Complexity Analysis
Step 01

Brute Force Baseline

Problem summary: A valid cut in a circle can be: A cut that is represented by a straight line that touches two points on the edge of the circle and passes through its center, or A cut that is represented by a straight line that touches one point on the edge of the circle and its center. Some valid and invalid cuts are shown in the figures below. Given the integer n, return the minimum number of cuts needed to divide a circle into n equal slices.

Baseline thinking

Start with the most direct exhaustive search. That gives a correctness anchor before optimizing.

Pattern signal: Math

Example 1

4

Example 2

3

Related Problems

  • Smallest Even Multiple (smallest-even-multiple)
  • Count Total Number of Colored Cells (count-total-number-of-colored-cells)
Step 02

Core Insight

What unlocks the optimal approach

  • Think about odd and even values separately.
  • When will we not have to cut the circle at all?
Interview move: turn each hint into an invariant you can check after every iteration/recursion step.
Step 03

Algorithm Walkthrough

Iteration Checklist

  1. Define state (indices, window, stack, map, DP cell, or recursion frame).
  2. Apply one transition step and update the invariant.
  3. Record answer candidate when condition is met.
  4. Continue until all input is consumed.
Use the first example testcase as your mental trace to verify each transition.
Step 04

Edge Cases

Minimum Input
Single element / shortest valid input
Validate boundary behavior before entering the main loop or recursion.
Duplicates & Repeats
Repeated values / repeated states
Decide whether duplicates should be merged, skipped, or counted explicitly.
Extreme Constraints
Upper-end input sizes
Re-check complexity target against constraints to avoid time-limit issues.
Invalid / Corner Shape
Empty collections, zeros, or disconnected structures
Handle special-case structure before the core algorithm path.
Step 05

Full Annotated Code

Source-backed implementations are provided below for direct study and interview prep.

// Accepted solution for LeetCode #2481: Minimum Cuts to Divide a Circle
class Solution {
    public int numberOfCuts(int n) {
        return n > 1 && n % 2 == 1 ? n : n >> 1;
    }
}
Step 06

Interactive Study Demo

Use this to step through a reusable interview workflow for this problem.

Press Step or Run All to begin.
Step 07

Complexity Analysis

Time
O(1)
Space
O(1)

Approach Breakdown

ITERATIVE
O(n) time
O(1) space

Simulate the process step by step — multiply n times, check each number up to n, or iterate through all possibilities. Each step is O(1), but doing it n times gives O(n). No extra space needed since we just track running state.

MATH INSIGHT
O(log n) time
O(1) space

Math problems often have a closed-form or O(log n) solution hidden behind an O(n) simulation. Modular arithmetic, fast exponentiation (repeated squaring), GCD (Euclidean algorithm), and number theory properties can dramatically reduce complexity.

Shortcut: Look for mathematical properties that eliminate iteration. Repeated squaring → O(log n). Modular arithmetic avoids overflow.
Coach Notes

Common Mistakes

Review these before coding to avoid predictable interview regressions.

Overflow in intermediate arithmetic

Wrong move: Temporary multiplications exceed integer bounds.

Usually fails on: Large inputs wrap around unexpectedly.

Fix: Use wider types, modular arithmetic, or rearranged operations.