LeetCode #3407 — EASY

Substring Matching Pattern

Build confidence with an intuition-first walkthrough focused on string matching fundamentals.

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The Problem

Problem Statement

You are given a string s and a pattern string p, where p contains exactly one '*' character.

The '*' in p can be replaced with any sequence of zero or more characters.

Return true if p can be made a substring of s, and false otherwise.

Example 1:

Input: s = "leetcode", p = "ee*e"

Output: true

Explanation:

By replacing the '*' with "tcod", the substring "eetcode" matches the pattern.

Example 2:

Input: s = "car", p = "c*v"

Output: false

Explanation:

There is no substring matching the pattern.

Example 3:

Input: s = "luck", p = "u*"

Output: true

Explanation:

The substrings "u", "uc", and "uck" match the pattern.

Constraints:

  • 1 <= s.length <= 50
  • 1 <= p.length <= 50
  • s contains only lowercase English letters.
  • p contains only lowercase English letters and exactly one '*'
Patterns Used

Roadmap

  1. Brute Force Baseline
  2. Core Insight
  3. Algorithm Walkthrough
  4. Edge Cases
  5. Full Annotated Code
  6. Interactive Study Demo
  7. Complexity Analysis
Step 01

Brute Force Baseline

Problem summary: You are given a string s and a pattern string p, where p contains exactly one '*' character. The '*' in p can be replaced with any sequence of zero or more characters. Return true if p can be made a substring of s, and false otherwise.

Baseline thinking

Start with the most direct exhaustive search. That gives a correctness anchor before optimizing.

Pattern signal: String Matching

Example 1

"leetcode"
"ee*e"

Example 2

"car"
"c*v"

Example 3

"luck"
"u*"

Related Problems

  • Wildcard Matching (wildcard-matching)
Step 02

Core Insight

What unlocks the optimal approach

  • Divide the pattern in two strings and search in the string.
Interview move: turn each hint into an invariant you can check after every iteration/recursion step.
Step 03

Algorithm Walkthrough

Iteration Checklist

  1. Define state (indices, window, stack, map, DP cell, or recursion frame).
  2. Apply one transition step and update the invariant.
  3. Record answer candidate when condition is met.
  4. Continue until all input is consumed.
Use the first example testcase as your mental trace to verify each transition.
Step 04

Edge Cases

Minimum Input
Single element / shortest valid input
Validate boundary behavior before entering the main loop or recursion.
Duplicates & Repeats
Repeated values / repeated states
Decide whether duplicates should be merged, skipped, or counted explicitly.
Extreme Constraints
Upper-end input sizes
Re-check complexity target against constraints to avoid time-limit issues.
Invalid / Corner Shape
Empty collections, zeros, or disconnected structures
Handle special-case structure before the core algorithm path.
Step 05

Full Annotated Code

Source-backed implementations are provided below for direct study and interview prep.

// Accepted solution for LeetCode #3407: Substring Matching Pattern
class Solution {
    public boolean hasMatch(String s, String p) {
        int i = 0;
        for (String t : p.split("\\*")) {
            int j = s.indexOf(t, i);
            if (j == -1) {
                return false;
            }
            i = j + t.length();
        }
        return true;
    }
}
Step 06

Interactive Study Demo

Use this to step through a reusable interview workflow for this problem.

Press Step or Run All to begin.
Step 07

Complexity Analysis

Time
O(n × m)
Space
O(m)

Approach Breakdown

BRUTE FORCE
O(n × m) time
O(1) space

At each of the n starting positions in the text, compare up to m characters with the pattern. If a mismatch occurs, shift by one and restart. Worst case (e.g., searching "aab" in "aaaa...a") checks m characters at nearly every position: O(n × m).

KMP / Z-ALGO
O(n + m) time
O(m) space

KMP and Z-algorithm preprocess the pattern in O(m) to build a failure/Z-array, then scan the text in O(n) — never backtracking. Total: O(n + m). Rabin-Karp uses rolling hashes for O(n + m) expected time. All beat the O(n × m) brute force of checking every position.

Shortcut: Preprocessing avoids backtracking → O(n + m). The failure function is the key insight.
Coach Notes

Common Mistakes

Review these before coding to avoid predictable interview regressions.

Off-by-one on range boundaries

Wrong move: Loop endpoints miss first/last candidate.

Usually fails on: Fails on minimal arrays and exact-boundary answers.

Fix: Re-derive loops from inclusive/exclusive ranges before coding.