LeetCode #882 — HARD

Reachable Nodes In Subdivided Graph

Break down a hard problem into reliable checkpoints, edge-case handling, and complexity trade-offs.

Solve on LeetCode
The Problem

Problem Statement

You are given an undirected graph (the "original graph") with n nodes labeled from 0 to n - 1. You decide to subdivide each edge in the graph into a chain of nodes, with the number of new nodes varying between each edge.

The graph is given as a 2D array of edges where edges[i] = [ui, vi, cnti] indicates that there is an edge between nodes ui and vi in the original graph, and cnti is the total number of new nodes that you will subdivide the edge into. Note that cnti == 0 means you will not subdivide the edge.

To subdivide the edge [ui, vi], replace it with (cnti + 1) new edges and cnti new nodes. The new nodes are x1, x2, ..., xcnti, and the new edges are [ui, x1], [x1, x2], [x2, x3], ..., [xcnti-1, xcnti], [xcnti, vi].

In this new graph, you want to know how many nodes are reachable from the node 0, where a node is reachable if the distance is maxMoves or less.

Given the original graph and maxMoves, return the number of nodes that are reachable from node 0 in the new graph.

Example 1:

Input: edges = [[0,1,10],[0,2,1],[1,2,2]], maxMoves = 6, n = 3
Output: 13
Explanation: The edge subdivisions are shown in the image above.
The nodes that are reachable are highlighted in yellow.

Example 2:

Input: edges = [[0,1,4],[1,2,6],[0,2,8],[1,3,1]], maxMoves = 10, n = 4
Output: 23

Example 3:

Input: edges = [[1,2,4],[1,4,5],[1,3,1],[2,3,4],[3,4,5]], maxMoves = 17, n = 5
Output: 1
Explanation: Node 0 is disconnected from the rest of the graph, so only node 0 is reachable.

Constraints:

  • 0 <= edges.length <= min(n * (n - 1) / 2, 104)
  • edges[i].length == 3
  • 0 <= ui < vi < n
  • There are no multiple edges in the graph.
  • 0 <= cnti <= 104
  • 0 <= maxMoves <= 109
  • 1 <= n <= 3000

Roadmap

  1. Brute Force Baseline
  2. Core Insight
  3. Algorithm Walkthrough
  4. Edge Cases
  5. Full Annotated Code
  6. Interactive Study Demo
  7. Complexity Analysis
Step 01

Brute Force Baseline

Problem summary: You are given an undirected graph (the "original graph") with n nodes labeled from 0 to n - 1. You decide to subdivide each edge in the graph into a chain of nodes, with the number of new nodes varying between each edge. The graph is given as a 2D array of edges where edges[i] = [ui, vi, cnti] indicates that there is an edge between nodes ui and vi in the original graph, and cnti is the total number of new nodes that you will subdivide the edge into. Note that cnti == 0 means you will not subdivide the edge. To subdivide the edge [ui, vi], replace it with (cnti + 1) new edges and cnti new nodes. The new nodes are x1, x2, ..., xcnti, and the new edges are [ui, x1], [x1, x2], [x2, x3], ..., [xcnti-1, xcnti], [xcnti, vi]. In this new graph, you want to know how many nodes are reachable from the node 0, where a node is reachable if the distance is maxMoves or less. Given the original graph

Baseline thinking

Start with the most direct exhaustive search. That gives a correctness anchor before optimizing.

Pattern signal: General problem-solving

Example 1

[[0,1,10],[0,2,1],[1,2,2]]
6
3

Example 2

[[0,1,4],[1,2,6],[0,2,8],[1,3,1]]
10
4

Example 3

[[1,2,4],[1,4,5],[1,3,1],[2,3,4],[3,4,5]]
17
5

Related Problems

  • Find All People With Secret (find-all-people-with-secret)
  • Paths in Maze That Lead to Same Room (paths-in-maze-that-lead-to-same-room)
Step 02

Core Insight

What unlocks the optimal approach

  • No official hints in dataset. Start from constraints and look for a monotonic or reusable state.
Interview move: turn each hint into an invariant you can check after every iteration/recursion step.
Step 03

Algorithm Walkthrough

Iteration Checklist

  1. Define state (indices, window, stack, map, DP cell, or recursion frame).
  2. Apply one transition step and update the invariant.
  3. Record answer candidate when condition is met.
  4. Continue until all input is consumed.
Use the first example testcase as your mental trace to verify each transition.
Step 04

Edge Cases

Minimum Input
Single element / shortest valid input
Validate boundary behavior before entering the main loop or recursion.
Duplicates & Repeats
Repeated values / repeated states
Decide whether duplicates should be merged, skipped, or counted explicitly.
Extreme Constraints
Largest constraint values
Re-check complexity target against constraints to avoid time-limit issues.
Invalid / Corner Shape
Empty collections, zeros, or disconnected structures
Handle special-case structure before the core algorithm path.
Step 05

Full Annotated Code

Source-backed implementations are provided below for direct study and interview prep.

// Accepted solution for LeetCode #882: Reachable Nodes In Subdivided Graph
class Solution {
    public int reachableNodes(int[][] edges, int maxMoves, int n) {
        List<int[]>[] g = new List[n];
        Arrays.setAll(g, e -> new ArrayList<>());
        for (var e : edges) {
            int u = e[0], v = e[1], cnt = e[2] + 1;
            g[u].add(new int[] {v, cnt});
            g[v].add(new int[] {u, cnt});
        }
        int[] dist = new int[n];
        Arrays.fill(dist, 1 << 30);
        PriorityQueue<int[]> q = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> a[0] - b[0]);
        q.offer(new int[] {0, 0});
        dist[0] = 0;
        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
            var p = q.poll();
            int d = p[0], u = p[1];
            for (var nxt : g[u]) {
                int v = nxt[0], cnt = nxt[1];
                if (d + cnt < dist[v]) {
                    dist[v] = d + cnt;
                    q.offer(new int[] {dist[v], v});
                }
            }
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for (int d : dist) {
            if (d <= maxMoves) {
                ++ans;
            }
        }
        for (var e : edges) {
            int u = e[0], v = e[1], cnt = e[2];
            int a = Math.min(cnt, Math.max(0, maxMoves - dist[u]));
            int b = Math.min(cnt, Math.max(0, maxMoves - dist[v]));
            ans += Math.min(cnt, a + b);
        }
        return ans;
    }
}
Step 06

Interactive Study Demo

Use this to step through a reusable interview workflow for this problem.

Press Step or Run All to begin.
Step 07

Complexity Analysis

Time
O(n)
Space
O(1)

Approach Breakdown

BRUTE FORCE
O(n²) time
O(1) space

Two nested loops check every pair or subarray. The outer loop fixes a starting point, the inner loop extends or searches. For n elements this gives up to n²/2 operations. No extra space, but the quadratic time is prohibitive for large inputs.

OPTIMIZED
O(n) time
O(1) space

Most array problems have an O(n²) brute force (nested loops) and an O(n) optimal (single pass with clever state tracking). The key is identifying what information to maintain as you scan: a running max, a prefix sum, a hash map of seen values, or two pointers.

Shortcut: If you are using nested loops on an array, there is almost always an O(n) solution. Look for the right auxiliary state.
Coach Notes

Common Mistakes

Review these before coding to avoid predictable interview regressions.

Off-by-one on range boundaries

Wrong move: Loop endpoints miss first/last candidate.

Usually fails on: Fails on minimal arrays and exact-boundary answers.

Fix: Re-derive loops from inclusive/exclusive ranges before coding.